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• Title: Population and Public Health Ethics in Canada: A Snapshot of Current National Initiatives and Future Issues (Ethics IN PUBLIC HEALTH)
• Author : Canadian Journal of Public Health
• Release Date : January 01, 2011
• Genre: Law,Books,Professional & Technical,
• Pages : * pages
• Size : 281 KB

Description

Reducing health inequities is...an ethical imperative. Social injustice is killing people on a grand scale". This quote, from the final report of the WHO Commission on Social Determinants of Health (p. 26), suggests the central role that ethics can and should play in the resource allocation, design, implementation and evaluation of upstream population health interventions aimed at the social, cultural, environmental and structural determinants of health. (1) Beyond merely identifying the need to intervene or not, the linked fields of population and public health (PPH) are replete with ethical issues, which span research, policy, and practice. While bioethics provides a foundation for health care professionals to "identify and respond to moral dilemmas" in their practice, (2) PPH ethics addresses critical issues related to the tensions between individual and collective approaches. (3) Some core principles for PPH ethics have been advanced, (4-7) including concepts such as relational personhood and relational solidarity, (4) reciprocity, (5) equity and justice, (6) and the distribution of health and risk. (7) However, practical guidance and tools to support the application of these principles to the design and evaluation of PPH interventions and to moral dilemmas, which arise in programs and practice with few exceptions--such as pandemic preparedness and response--are limited. For example, how are choices made among competing intervention options, weighing the potential for longterm and more equitable, population-level benefits against more immediate, individually-oriented benefits that are experienced only by more advantaged populations? There remains a need to build capacity for applying a PPH ethics approach among researchers, managers, practitioners, and those responsible for resource distribution. This paper presents the approach to building capacity for PPH ethics by three national-level organizations: the Canadian Institutes of Health Research-Institute of Population and Public Health (CIHR IPPH), the National Collaborating Centre for Healthy Public Policy (NCCHPP) and the Public Health Agency of Canada (PHAC). By first looking at each of the organizations' respective activities and then comparing these efforts across organizations, we synthesize our common approaches and highlight future directions. We pose questions aimed at stimulating dialogue about the role of, and challenges confronting, the emerging field of PPH ethics in Canada.

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